th a mathematical theorem [18]". If, at the earlier stage, Einstein arguments are not so perfect, he seldom allowed such defects be used in his calculations. This is evident in his book, he Meaning of Relativity' which he edited in 1954. According to his book and related papers, Einstein viewpoints on space-time coordinates are:
1) A physical (space-time) coordinate system must be physically realizable (see also 2) & 3) below).
Einstein [29] made clear in hat is the Theory of Relativity? (1919)' that n physics, the body to which events are spatially referred is called the coordinate system." Furthermore, Einstein wrote f it is necessary for the purpose of describing nature, to make use of a coordinate system arbitrarily introduced by us, then the choice of its state of motion ought to be subject to no restriction; the laws ought to be entirely independent of this choice (general principle of relativity)". Thus, Einstein coordinate system has a state of motion and is usually referred to a physical body. Since the time coordinate is accordingly fixed, choosing a space-time system is not only a mathematical but also a physical step.
2) A physical coordinate system is a Gaussian system such that the equivalence principle is satisfied.
One might attempt to justify the viewpoint of accepting any Gaussian system as a space-time coordinate system by pointing out that Einstein [3] also wrote in his book that n an analogous way (to Gaussian curvilinear coordinates) we shall introduce in the general theory of relativity arbitrary co-ordinates, x1, x2, x3, x4, which shall number uniquely the space-time points, so that neighboring events are associated with neighboring values of the coordinates; otherwise, the choice of co-ordinate is arbitrary." But, Einstein [3] qualified this with a physical statement that n the immediate neighbor of an observer, falling freely in a gravitational field, there exists no gravitational field." This statement will be clarified later with a demonstration of the equivalence principle (see eqs. [6] & [7]).
3) The equivalence principle requires not only, at each point, the existence of a local Minkowski space2)
ds2 = c2dT2 - dX2 - dY2 - dZ2, (1)
but a free fall must result in a co-moving local Minkowskian space (see also [10-13]). Note that the equivalence principle requires that such a local coordinate transformation be due to a specific physical action, acceleration in the free fall alone. Einstein [2
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